Hydraulic variable-gear transmission.



A. SU NDH'. HYDRAULIG VARIABLE GEAR- Txmrscnssmlv.

V APPLICATION FILED MAB. 31', 1909.

Patented Apr. 8; 1913.

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A. S13-NDH.

'nYDBguIQc VARIABLE GEAR TRANSMISSION.

-AFPL1dAT1oN FIL-ED 1115.11.31, 1909-.

Patented Apr.*8, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

SUEDE.' HYDRAULIC VARIABLE GEAR TRNSMISSION..

APPLIUATION FILED MAR. 31, 1909. 1,058,271 Patented Apr. 8, 1913. esHnBTsfBHEBT a. w wmmx y, Si

- A. SUNDH. HYDRAULIC VARIABLE GEAR TRANSMISSION.

APLIOATION FILED MAB.31, 199.

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

6 SHEETS-'SHEET 4.

. A. SUNDH. HYDRAULIC VARIABLE GEAR TRANSMESION.A APPLICATION FILEDMAR.31, 1909.

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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SUNDH. HYDRAULIC VARIABLE GERTRNSMISSION. Y

. APP'LIUA'TIO'N FILED MAR.a1,19o9. 1,058,271'. Patented A1311 8,19?;3.'

6 SHEETS-SHEET' 6.

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uN-ifrn STATES' PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUST sUNnH, or YoNKEEs, NEW YORK, AssIGNon 'rol crisELE'vAToncoMPANY`,i-.

E JERsEYcrrY. NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY.-

HYDRA'ULIC VARIABLE-GEAR TRANSMISSION. .4

Specification of'Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

Application led March 31, 1909. Serial No. 486,849.

To all whom t mfrl concern Be' it known t at I, AUGUST SUNDH, a

vcitizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, in the countyofNVestchesterand State of New York, have invented a new lowing is a seciication. I y

. My invention relates to means for 4transmittln'g power by luidpressure, and more 'particularly comprises mechanism in which aidriving-shaft receiving power from any Suitable source is connected tooperate a pumpcrpumps to supply lluid'under pres- `sure; the `fluid inturn operating to drive a motor or motors geared to the mechanism to bedriven. v

Many attempts have been madeito obtain 'power transmission mechanismoperated by fluid pressure, but these have generally been owing tovarious causes;

I among these is the-low eiiicieiicy usually obtained', the troubleexperienced from leakage of the power transmit-ting Huid, and thedifficulty of overcoming these objections.

@ne 0f the objects ofthe present iiivent-ion is to overcome theseobjections and produce a highly efficient mechanism which is du- -ra-bleand also simple in construction and comparatively inexpensive, and inwhich the speed and torque and the driven member may be varied from Zeroto a maximum, or

'..vice versa.

The invention further involves novel controlling mechanism whereby thespeed and torque may be controlled at the will of the operator, andwhich may lbe gradually va. ried so as to secure a smooth operation ast-he speed is altered.' n

Other objects of the invention and various -other features of novelywill appear hereinafter; the scope of the invent-ionis'defined in theappended claims which set forth the novel combinations of elements.

Referring to the accompanying` drawings,

.in which are illustrated several forms of construction embodying myinvention, Figure 1 is a plan vview of the power transmit- 'tingmechanism with the top cover of the,

casing removed for the-purpose of clearness of illustration; Figs. 2, 3and l are sectional elevation views taken on' the planes indicated onthe lines t 2, 3-3 and' 1--4 respectively of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is asectional detail view of the mechanism for operating the reversingvalves; Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is adetailview of the three-way valve shown in- Fig. l: Fig. 8 is asectional view of the vmechanism for supplying Huid pressure to adjustthe eccentrics for the pumps as indicated by the sect-ion line 8 in Fig.1; Figs. 9 and' 10 are sectional views taken onthe lines 9-9 and 10-10respectively of FigrS; Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view showing amodification of the mechanism shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 12 is a sectionalView of one of the eccentrics for driving the pumps, and showing mea-nsfor adjusting the stroke of the piston Fig. 13 isga'similar view withthe parts adjusted to a different position; Figs. 14 and 15 aresectional views taken on the lines 141-14 and 1.5-15 respectively ofFig. 12 g. Fig. 16 is a ,part sectional elevation with' parts brokenaway and certain parts removed to show various featuresoficonst-ruct-ion; Fig. 17 is a fragmentary view corresponding with Fig.2, but with the reversing valves in a different position; Fig. 18 is alongitudinal sectional elevation showing a modified form Fig. 19 showsanothernioditicat-ion of the vmechanism illustrated in Fig. 8; Figs. 2()

and 21 are sectional detail views taken on the'lines 2020 and 21--21respectively of Fig.- 19; Fig. 22 is an elevation view of a pumpcylinder and valve chamber; Figs. 23

and 24- are enlarged sectional views taken on the lines 23.-23 and 24-24respectively of Fig. 22; Fig. 25 shows a modification show-y ingv adouble acting pump.

The general .arrangement of the power 'transmission mechanism will beunderstood from a considerationof Figs. 1 and 2.- AS

here shown the pump comprises a plurality ot' cylinders K, K', K2 andK3, in each ofv which isa reciprocating piston 1 connectedby v a pistonrod 2 to an'eccentric E. The eccentrics are driven by means of a drivingsha-ft 3 .connected to any suitable .source of' power supply. The pumpoperates to torce a' fluidl 5, which is preferably a light oil, into apressure chamber P. Tater o'r other liquid v may .in some instances beemployed as the power transmitting fluid, but oil is generallypreferable as it serves to keep the opern ating mechanism ,welllubricated, does not evaporate, .will not freeze in cold weather,

and has other advantages over other liquids.Y

The liquid is supplied from thepressure chamber to a liuid motorcomprising cylinders M, M, M 2 and M3, similar to the pump cylinders.The Huid lunder pressure in the motor cylinders'serves to reciprocatethe pistons 1 and piston rods 2, which latter are connected to ,crankarms 6 connected to or v.integral with'da driven shaft Y; the latter maybe connected by toothed gearwheels 8, or by means ot a drive pulley 9and belt l0 orby Aany other suitable powertransmitting device to themechanism to-be operated. The

gear wheels 8, pulley .9, belt-`10`and 'ot-her.

parts operated by power transmitted through the motor shaft Y, may beconsidu ered as driven members as theyare driven vby power' supplied by.the motor. The eX'- haust fluid from the.v motor cylinders is disg.charged into` a. supply chamber 'S trom whence it is again 'drawn intothe pump cylinders, thereby completing the circulation ofthe fluid.Reversing valves R and R2 controlthe diow of liuid from the pressurechamber to the motor cylinders and deterfluid, the same is not lost;'means are provided as hereinafter" described for again in- 1 t-roducinginto the circulation any fluid that may'thus escape.

Figs 12, 13, 14 and 15 illustr te in detail a construction of theeccentric's torv driving the pump sections. Each eccentric cornprisestwo semicircular members 8 and 9,

which 'together form a disk provided at one edge with a flange 10. Aplate 11 is bolted to said disk atthe side opposite the tiange 10 bymeans ot bolts l2. The flange 1() and :plate l1 form with said disk anannular recess to 'receive the eccentric strap compris` ing the lowersection 13 which as herein shown has a screw-threaded connection 141Cwith the piston rod 2, and an upper section l5. Bolts 16 secure the' twosections 13 and 15 together. Anti-friction bearings which maybe eitherball bearings or roller bearings are provided to reduce the friction toa minimuiu These bearings as here shown comprise an annular series otbearing rollers 17 carried betweeninner and outer and plate 11. Thesections 8 and 9 are provided with rectangular openings to receive anarm or block 20 which-1s preferably rectangular or square in crosssection and is se.

cured to or formed integral with the driving' shatt which extendsthrough each eccenf.

tric. The openings in the eccentrics are made long enough to permit anadjust-ment longitudinally o t the arm 20. The section 8) is providedwith a cylindrical projection or piston 21 whichworlrs in a correspondw'ingly shaped recess in the block 20. The vpurpose of this constructionis to provide torthe adjustment ot the eccentric 'by means of fluidpressure which is supplied through an opening 2Q in the shaft 3. A'packing 24, may be provided on-the end ot the piston 21 to preventleakage. A' coil spring 25 is placed behind the block 2O to return theeccentric `toward central position when .the fluid pressure is relieved.Fig. 12 shows the position of the parts when fluid pressure has .beensupplied so as to move the eccentric outward to its extreme position inrespect; to the shaft. With the parts in this position a full stroke ofthe piston is secured. Fig. 13 shows the parts in the position assumedwhen the fluid pressure has been removed and the spring 25 has returnedthe eccentric to central position, in this position the rota tion of thedriving shaft will not transmit any motion to the pump piston. ltwill beunderstood that the description just given applies to all of theeccentrics which are substantially alike in construction.

Mechanism tot* controlling the sup-ply ot fluid pressure for adjustingthe eccentrics as shown in Figs. 8'. 9 and 10 will now be ico described.The driving Shafts extends be' yond the casing A, a bushing 26 beingplaced between the casing and shaft.. 0n the extended end of the shaft 3is mounted a sleeve 27. This sleeve has a depending flange :28 which isheld in a biturcated extension 29 (see Fig. 10) formed on a bracket 30,bolted or otherwise` secured to the casing A. A bolt .31, extendingthrough 'the flange 28 and part 29 serves to clamp the sleeve 27 rigidlyin position. The elongated opening 31 in the flange 28 permits avertical adjustment ot the sleeve 27. The opening 22 extending throughthe driving shaft has an enlarged portion 22 torming with the extendedend ot the shaft a cylinderor valve chamber inwhich is adapted toreciprocate, a piston 32. Oil or other liquid fills the passages 22 and22. The liquid behind the piston 39. for operating the latter -iscontrolled by means of areversing valve V; this valve comprises a valvemember 34 adaptedto reciprocate in the valve chamber or opening 35formed in an extension of the sleeve 27. rthe sleeve 27 is' formedwithan annular recess 37 whichjc'ommunicates through'poi'ts 38 in. the shaft3"-With the opening 22 behindfthe piston 32. A passage 39.1eads-rom-thean# nular recess 37'to the pilot valve chamber. 1 When the 'pilot valveis in central position'- the passage 39 closed by the section36 ot thevalve. 'When the pilot valve is moved to the right communication isestablished between the pressure pipe 40 and the passage 39. When thepiloty valve is moved tothe .left `from its central position, thepassage 39 isjopened tothe exhaust pipe41.

.Mechanism for operating the pilot valVeV will now be described. Thebracket 42 which may be formed integral with the .sleeve 27 hasjournaled therein a shaft 43. Keyed to this shaft is a. disk 44rotatable with the shaft' through approximately 180 degrees.v

. shaft and meshing with a worm 49 securedto a shaft 50 also journaledin the bracket 421A disk 5l provided with a handle 52 serves as a meansfor operating the Worm. `gear and thereby rotating the disk 44. The

piston 32 is operated by a.pis'ton rod 53 which extends beyond thedriving shaft 3 and is provided at its outer end with a thrust bearinghead or disk 54. 4This bearing head 54 which lrotates with the drivingshaft is connected to anon-rotatable disk 55. Ball bearings 56 areplaced between the disks 54 and 55. An annular flange or bea-ring member57 is secured to the disk 54 and extends behind the disk 5 5. Ballbearings 58 are placed between this bearing member 57 and the disk55.It-will be seen .that with this construction an endwise pressure may bebrought to bear on the piston rod 53 to move the same longitudinally ineither di# rection; at the same time a-free rotation of the piston'rodwill be permitted while the disk is held against rotation. A vertical-lever'59 is pivoted at 60 to a stem' 6l formed. on the disk 55; thelower end f this lever is connected by a link 62 to the disk 44, and theupper end of t-he lever is connected by a link 63 to the reversingvalvemember 34. Turn buckles 64 which may be of ordinary construction areprovided for adjusting the length of .the links 62 and 63.

sov

The operation of the mechanism just de` scribed will be understood fromthefollowing: The parts are shown in Fig. -8 in the position assumedwhen the eccentrics are 1n a central position as indicated by Fig. Itnow it is desired to adjust the eccentrics so that the rotation of thedriving shaft will operate the pump, the operator rotates the hand disk51 which through the worm -gearingnlrotateti'tiie 44 in -a counterclockwise' direction as viewed in @int rotating the lever 59 labviutpivot movingI reinen-sing valve to Ihismovement of the reversingvali/'e' up ommunicationbetvveen 'the pressure 40-and the valvefch'amber22'.' "The pressnre behind-'the .piston 32 'now drives the forwandf or.to the left,' forcing the ilirnid, which 4is in front; of the piston',threaghthe passage 22 and' into the cylindrical openings' inthe-eccentric blocksA 20, thereby forcing the' pistons21 outward. Thee'ccentrics are thus moved' intov position tocause' the pump '5g.pistons to .reciprocate as the driving shaft rotates.. The-lengthof astrokek ofthe pump pistons will be proportional -to the distance throughwhich7 the piston 32'has .been moved by the operation just descri; thepist-on l32 movesf forward due "tov thel fluid pressure -behind.. it,'it -movesfthelever 59 about its lowerk end .as a iilerunn therebybringing the v pilot'va-lve back tocent-ral position and cutting'ofthe'suppijtr' fluid to the pressure pipe' The .distance through lwhich thepist-on 32 is moved forward depends of course upon the extent of.rotation of the'disk 44.". The strokeof the pump pistons may lthereforelbe varied from Zerov to a fulll stroke 'by 'operating` the v hand disk51. If' it is desired to decrease'the stroke of lthe pump piston s,`the-disk 51 vis rotated inthe reverse direction; this opcrates throughthe link 62 to rotatethe le 100 ver 59 aboutits pivot (iOand move thepilot valve to the left7 thereby bringing' the valve chamber 22 lbehindthe valve 32finto co1n- -munication with the exhaust pipe 41,.' Ais thesprings 25 "a1-eat' this time `under com -j 195 .pression,'they operatethrough I the eccenff tries and the pistons 2l to maintain a backpressure on the liquid in the passage 22. The piston 32 will. thereforebe moved back toward the right as soon as the pressure be- 110 'hind thepiston 32 is relieved by opening the exhaust pipe. As the piston 32moves to the right, the lever 59 is moved about its lower end as aulcrum and brings the pilot valve again back to central position,thereby cutting oit the opening to the exhaust pipe, again bringing thevalve 32 toi'est. When the valve 32 mcves to the right as abovedescribed, the eccentrics are being moved back toward central position.

The above described mechanism forms a .sim-ple and practical means t'oradjusting the pump and controlling its output, thereby controlling thespeed of the tiuid motor. It will bey seen that the adjustment can bemade while the pump and motor are ruuning and without interfering in anywav with their operation.y and also that a smooth and gradual change inthe speed to any de! gree desired may be readily obtained. vThe 13o .neras the piston 32 in Fig. 8.

' the'pistonx32 latter is correspondingly increased. A small vent.opening to the atmosphere serves tof relieve the pressure in front ton32".

Figs..19,.20 and 21'illustrate still another modification 'of themechanism shown in Fig. 8. In this instance the driving 'shaft 3^extendingbeyond the casing A'is substantially enlarged totorm achtmiber22a in which a motor piston 32a is of the pisadapted toreciprocate. The left-hand end of the enlarged portion 22b is providedwith,

four" cylindrical openings 22C extending from' the motorl chamber 22a.Secured to the piston 3:4 are four smaller pistons 32 whicl worlr in thecylindrical vopenirngs 22". EXteding from the cylinders 22c are smallpipes 67 located in recesses 68 inthe driving shaft 3. These pipesileadrespectively to the" four cylinders in the eccentrics, and

, serve to transmit fluid pressure from the cylinders 22c for adjustingthe eccentrics. '.lhe operation is substantially the same as thatiof theconstruction shown in Fig. ll, except that Huid pressure is transmittedto the eccentrica independently. The advantage of this arrangement isthat it insuresan equal adjustment of all the eccen- 'trics and preventsany oscillation of the eccentrics longitudinally' of the blocks 2O as l" nected with the same fluid pressure.

titi

which might.occurl when they are all confThe construction of the pumpcylinders K5, 'KQ etc., will be understood from a conlsideration oFigs.2, 22, 23 andi24. As

each section of the pump is substantially the same in construction, adescription of onewjill sutlice vfor all. Each' section oi:l the pf'umpcomprises va cylinder 68 provided with trunnions 69 journaled instationary bearings, `forming theV pivot about which.

the cylinder oscillates. Thecylinder 6d has an enlargement or extension7 O provided with passages for the flow ot liquid to and from theeylinder, and check -valves con trolling theflow of liquid in saidpassages. The outer surfaceof the extension 7G is are shaped and'concentric withthe trunnicns 39. The arc shaped surface of the part 7l)c against .or {is} adusted clI o1 to a correspon-t l conti' the portion22b ot'k noaaavi face 7l of the pressure chamber P. A pas-1 sage 72extends from the lower end ot the cylinder G8 to substantially themiddle of the arc shaped surface of the part 70, torm- `ing at saidsurface a port 73. Additional passzuges'l 74 'and 75 extend from the'pas sage 72 to the outer surface of the part 7() above and below theport 73 respectively. As' shown in Fig. 23, a spring pressed check valve76 controls the passage 7A permitting a flow of fluid inwardly to thepassage 72, but preventing an outward flow of the fluid through saidlpassage. A similar` check valve 77 l(see Fig. 24) controls the passage75, but opens outwardly, and thereby vonly permits an outward iiow ofthe fluid through said passage.' i

The operation of the pump may be described as follows: Assuming theparts to be in the position shown in Fig. 2, the driv- .ing shaftg 3rotating in a clockwise direction asl indicatedby the arrow, the piston1 will` be moving upward. The passage 72 is at this time opened. to apassage-S2 through the port 73; The passage S2 communicates with orforms part of the supply chamber S. The liquid will :therefore flow intothe pump cylinder below the piston from the supply chamber through thepassage 72.' As the piston moves upward, the cylinder rotates about itsaxis 69, and the port 73is gra'dually4 closed ,by the section 74 whichseparates the port 73 from a.' port 79 communicating with the pressurechamber P.

port 73 is fullyclosedi thecontinued rotation of the 'driving shaft 3carries the port 73 below the section 74, thereby opening the passage 72through the Iport 79 to the pressure chamber P. The port 73 commences to105 open to the pressure chamber at substantially the same time that thepiston commences to move downward; the downward movement of the pistonforces the liquid outward through the passage 72 into the 11o pressurechamber P. lflhen the piston reaches the middle ot its downward stroketheV eccentric begins its movement toward When the y piston reaches itsuppermost positionl the l the left and rocks the cylinder in the reversedirection, gradually closing the port 73. By the time the piston reachesits lowest l position. the port '73 is again oppgsite the section 74,and as the piston starts on its upward stroke, the port 73 isagainopened to the supply chamber. that 'the passage 72 may aloneserver` to con-A vey the liquid to andutrom the pump cylin-` der duringits normal operation. Passages 7a and 7 5 controlled. by the checkvalve's 7 6 and 77 respectively serve to permita free 125 dow of theduid vto and from the pump cyl?v inde? 'aidu 74:, and .come into thepumpis adgusted lt will thus be seen :i streitet 'The passage '130 russian74" is at all 'timesopposite the port7 8 so that while the pistonismoving upward the liquid can tiow into the cylinder through'thdpassage 74', and will do so when' the port- 78 is-.not openedsufficiently to permit a free' flow of the liquid therethrough. f Thecheck' .the'port 78 is partially throttled during the downward-stroke ofthe piston. It will bel observed that when the veccentric isadjusted togiveonly a short piston stroke, the .pas sage 7 81 will always be partlyclosed, vso that;

at this time the auxiliary passages 74 `and V75 are princi lly in use.

-Fig. 25 illustrates a modification in which. a Ipump cylinderSa'withadouble actingl piston la' is employed. I-njthi's constructiontwopas'sages'72I an'd72b leading to the-lowera' and upper endsrespectively of the cylinder, are provided. The, port 73j*correspondingto theport 73 o-Fi-g. 2 movesback and forthv across thesection 174', onnectigthe passage 72a1withthe supplychamber during theupward strokefof the pis mand connecting it with thev pressure c' amberduring the;

.downward stroke; :Passages 7 LPand 75'cor--l responding telt-hepassages 7 4 and 75, serve the same 'function .l The passages leading tothe up 74h andf", correspond with the lower pas. sa e972` 7# Aand 75arespectively, the only d i erence .being that they commumcatewith theVsupplyvchamber during the downward movement'of the piston, and with thepressure chamber. during its upward. movement, so that during thedownward stroke of theI piston, liquid is drawn from the supply chamberinto the cylinder aboveC-thepistom and during thelupward stroke thisliquid is forced nite-the pressure chamber.

The construction and operation of the, iluid'motor, comprising thesections, M, M, etc., `is somewhat similar to that of the pump; them'otor however, is driven by the fluid yfrom the pressure chamberandserves to .drive the shaft 7( Referring to Fig.'2 which shows asection. Mof the fluid motor, it willv be seen that` the motor cylinderis provided with'a segmental po'rtion 7 O corresponding to the partofthe lpump and oppositetheconcave bearing surface l7 1 .f Four passages81, 82, 83and 84 lead from the surface 71 inward to'thereilersi'ng valvechamber.: Passages 85 and 86 lead from the .upper and lower endsrespectively of the motorcylinder the passage is brought intoconnnunicationalternately with thepassages 81 and 82, `while the passage86 communicates alternately withthe passages 83 and 84 during theoperation er end ofthe cylinder, namely, 72b,A

of the motor. With theparts-.in theposition 'shown in Fig. 2, thepressure'chamber isin icommunication' with v`the upper end of the lmotorcylinder; and the supply'chamberfis :in communication with the lower endof the Icylindein The liquid from the'l pressure fch'amber is thereforeiiowinginto the cylinfder, forcing the pistoIi` don'fnward, and therebyrotating the driven :shaft-7 inthe below the piston being-forcedj-into.Ythe supply chamber. As the piston continues its ldownward lmovement fromythe 'position sshown, the-.cylinder is rotated about its trunnionstoward the vertical position; when the pistonreaches its lowest:position the passages 85 and 86 are cut oli' from the passages 81' andSid-respectively, VAs the pistonmoves upward, the continued rotation of'the-cylinlder opens the passages 85 and-86 to-the'pas-v sages 82 and 84respectively. The'lower end of 'thecylinder is nowv in communication'with the pressure chamber, and'thc upper end in communication with thesupply cham- ?ber, so ythat the liquid under pressure forces lthe'piston upward tol drive the shat. The 'four cranks connect-ing themotorfpistonrod's 'with the driven shaft 7 ,are each set at 'anv iangleof degrees in advanceof the precedf ling driving! crank so that nevermorethan itwo' of the vmotor sections areI on the' dead icenters at thesame time. The eccentrics for' lthe'pump are arranged in the samemanner. The reversing valves-Rf and R2 'andthe *mechanism `for operatingthe same as shown fin Figs. 2,*5 and will'n'ow be described. Thesevalves as shown in Fig. 2 'are arranged @for vertical movement towardand lfrom'each. otlier; the lower valve R2 is connected-.tov thellower'end of av rod 86- which'eittends up- *wardly through the casingA, and has at its upper end an enlarged. screw-threaded sec*- ition 87.lThe upper valvev R is secured to ilthe lower end of a hollow rodorsleeve 88, Ewhich surrounds the rod 86'7 'the parts-88and 88 forming'telescoping members? The up#y per end of the sleeve 88 is providedr withscrew-threads 89. The stationary sleeve 90 secured to the top of thecasing A'by 'a nut y91 forms a support or guide for 'tl1etele' scopingmembers 86 and 88;- screwthreads on these membersA are left andright-hand re- 'spectivelyV A guide pin 92 threadedinto v the sleeve 90extends throu h ya slot 98 formed in the sleeve 88and'in oa groove'94'in the rod 86, and -prevents the/rod and sleeve" from rotating, butpermits vertical movement. A hand-wheel 95V is provided with-a hub 96screw-threaded to receivethe telescoping members.` lVherr this 'hand-`wheel is rotated in one direction, the rod'86 is moved upward and `the'sleeve 88 `down^ ward to bring the reversing valves toward eachother,and when rotated in the reversev direction, the valves are separated.Fig. 2

direction indicated by theuarrovfvgthe liquid CJD shows the valvesseparated. It will be observed that these valves R and R2 are perfeet-lybalanced so that little power is required to operate them.

As shown in Fig 2, the valve R permits a flow ofA liquid from thepressure chamber lj through a port 9T and around the reduced portion otthe valve to the passage 81. The valve R2 likewise permits a flow ot'iiuid from the `pressure chamber through a port 98 and around the valveto the passage S4.

Fig. 1T shows .the valves R and R2 brought together into position tocause the fluid motor to operate in the reverse direction. ln thisposition the passage 9T communicates with the passage S2, but is cut offfrom the passage S1 by the upper end ot `the valve R. The passage 81 .isat this time in communication through the hollow valve Rf with thepassage S2 leading to the supply chamber. The pressure chamber alsocommunicates through the port 98 with the passage S3, and the passage811C communicates through the hollow valve R2 with the supply chamber.It. will 'readily be understood that with this arrangement ot valves thedirection of' operation of the fluid motor will be reversed; forexample, the motor is in the same position in Fig. 1T as in Ikig. 2, butas the passage 86 leading to the lower end of the motor cylinder is incommunication with the pressure chamber, the upper passage 85 is incommunication with the supply chamber, the motor piston will moveupward. The reversing valves 7may be used it desired, to control thespeedof the fluid motor as well as to determine its direction ot'movement. By moving the valves toward each other from the position shownin Fig.

2, the passages 81, 82, 83 and Set will be gradually closed by thevalves, thereby throttling the circulation ot fluid'through the pump,and reducing its speed, and when the valves are substantially half-waybetweenthe positions shown in Figs. 2 and 17, the passages will becompletely' closed, and therefore stop the motor. It will be readilyseen that by moving the valves a greater or less distance vin eitherdirection from this intermediate position, the direction aud speed ofthe motor may be controlled. The

speed however, is usually controlledby adjusting the eccentrics for thepump by the' mechanism sho-wn .in F ig. 8, the reversing valves beingused only to controlthe direction of the motor.

The pressure and supply chambers are formed by a casing Cwhich locatedwithin and extends longitudinally of the outer tank or casing A. Thepressure chamber P is separated from the supply chamber@ by a verticalwall 100 as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3 and by dotted lines in Fig. 1.The 'central portion ot the casing C as shown 1n neaaari Fig. 16 islower than the end'portions 101 and 102. A partition 103 separates asection of the pressure chamber in the end portion 102 from the rest ofthe pressure chan ber, thereby -forming a separate pressure chamber 104.The pipe L10 for supplying tiuid pressure to the pilot valve V may leadfrom this chamber 104. A. check valve 105 controls a port in thepartition 103 andlprevents a backward flow of fluid from the pressurechamber 104;. The purpose of this check valve is to maintain thepressure supply in the chamber 1041 when the pressure in the chamber Pis reduced from any cause; as for example, by stopping the pump. The'partition wall 100 has laterally extending portions 100a andlOObforming a passage S2 which constitutes a part of thevsupply chamber anddivides the pressure chamber into upper and lower portions, which areconnected however, by'vertical passages 100e, Fig. 16), at the ends ofthe case C. The portion of the pressure chamber in the u per left-handend 101 of the casing C constitutes an air chamber, as indicated inFigs.'

3 and 4. The air in this chamber, which is under compression, acts as acushioning device to maintain an even pressure and secure smoothoperation of the power transmitting mechanism. The passages 81, 82, S3and 81 for conveying liquid to and from the motor cylinders areconnected by longitudinal passages 81, 82', 83 and 84', as indicated inFigs. 3 and 16. These longitudinal passages serve to convey the liquidbetween the reversing valve chamber and the passages 85 and 86 for theseveral sections of the motors. In order to prevent excessive pressurein ythe pressure chamber P, a relief valve 110 ,(see Fig. 4) is providedto control a port between thepressure and supply chambers. This valve isprovided with a stem 111 having a head 1'12 movable in the hollow'guideor sleeve 113, which is threaded into the casing C. A coil spring 114behind the head or washer 112 serves to normally 'hold .the valveagainst its seat. placed behind the spring and an adjustable set screw116 bears against this washer, and is adjustable to compress the spring114: to a greater or less extent, and thereby :ary the pressure on thevalve. The set screw may be adjusted so that the valve 110 will openwhen the pressure in the chamber This relief valve; 110 will thereforeallow the fluid to pass' reaches any desired limit.

.110 A washer 115 is A from the pressure chamber P into the sup-ff' plychamber S whenever the pressure be-y comes too great, which may happenit' the load on the motor is excessive, or when the reversing valve isused to control the speed of the motor or to stop the motor, or forreversing the mot-or when a large volume of fluid is being delivered bythe pump. The

particular construction of this relief4 valve and themeans for,regulating the same may be widely varied.

Each bearing comprises a sleeve i120 inv which are placed bearingrollers 121. The bearing sleeve 120 is supported by .and adjustablehorizontally in a/pair of horizontal arms 122 and 123, whichv as hereinshown are cast integral with the casing C. i A cotterpin 124, which iswedge shaped and ad. justable vertically forms a stop againstwhieh'thesleeve 120 bears. An outer cap or bearing member 125 heldin position bybolts 126 and set nuts 127, holds the bearing To'adjust in order totakel up any play e between the pump, or motor cylinder and the casingC,the cotterpin 124 is loosened or removed, and the nuts 127 screwed upto move the bearing sleeve inward. When the bearing is adjusted toproper position, the cotterpin 124 is tightened by means of a nut 124,and thereby holds the, bearing securely in position. The bearings foreach of the cylinders are in this way independently adjustable to takeupany wear, and thereby prevent eX- sleeve 120 against the cotterpin.the' bearin cessive leakage between the cylinders and the stat-ionarycasing. Roller bearings are also provided for the driving shaft 3 andthe driven shaft 7. .Each of these bearings comprises a sleeve orbushing 120 and bearing rollers 121 between said sleeve and shaft. Thebushings 120 are supported in bearing boxes 128 having caps 129 lboltedthereto.

` These bearing boxes 128 may be secured to or cast -integral with arms130 extending laterally from the casing C.

As the mechanism is contained in the oil proof casing A, the packingsfor the various parts which would otherwise be' required maybe dispensedwith, thereby greatly reducing the friction of the moving parts and Inorder to' simplifying the construct-ion. again introduce into thecirculating system any of the oil which may escape by leakage, a smallauxiliary pump L is provided, as shown'in Figs. 1 and 4. This pumpcomprises a cylinder 120, a piston 121, and a piston rod 122 connectedto an eccentric 123 secured to the driven shaft 7. A small pipe 124extends from a point near the bottom of the casing A to the lower en'dof the pump cylinder. A ncheck valve 125 opening toward the cylindercontrols the passage 124. Asecond check valve 126 in the bottom ofthe-punip cylinder opens outwardly and. controls the discharge passageleading from the pump. This passage comprises a pipe 127 `extendingupward and connected to a three-way valve X. From this valve a 'pipe 128extends to the supply chamber, and a pipe .129 extends to the pressurechamber.

The three-way valve X as shown invFig. 7

comprises 4a valve chamber 130 and a rotary valve 131 provided with astem 132 and a handle 133. This valve has a Y passage or opening 134, sothat the pipe 127 maybe 'connected either :with the pipe 128 leading tothe supply chamber` or with the pipe 129 leading to the vpressurechamber. This valve is normally in the position shown in supplychamber.. W'hen the shaft 7 is being rotated by the motor, the pump L isin operation, the upward vmovement of the pump .piston drawsk into thecylinder any liquid chamber S. As the leakage of oil will notvordinarily equal the capacity of the` pump L,'the latter will pump agood deal of air into the supply chamber S, but this air'will .75 Fig. 4so as to. connect the pump L with the vthroughfthe pipe 127 and into thesupply i,

immediately escape through an opening-.1.136

'in the top ofthe supplychamber. ever the supply of air in the pressurechamber becomes insufficient, the valve X may be turned to connect thepipe 127 with the pipe 129; the pump L will then operate to force afresh supply of air into the pressure chamber. The height of the liquidin the'pressure chamber may be indicated vby an ordis nary glass tube orindicator, if desired.

In Fig. 18 I have shown a modiied construction and arrangement of thepump, motorjand reversingv Avalve mechanism. In this inst-ance thepist-ons for the pump and motor are each single acting, or in otherwords, the Huid only operates on one side of the piston. The cylindersVare also' horizontally disposed. The motor cylinder 140oscillates'about thevpivot 141. A port 142 in the inner vend of thecylinder is brought intol communication with 'the passages 143 and 144,as the inner endl of the cylinder moves respectively above and below acentral position. The passages 143 and 144 lead to the valve chamber145. In thisinstance a single reversing valve Ra is employed. l With thevalve in its lowered position, as shown, the passage 143 is incommunication with the supply chamber .AS

through a port 146 and the valve chamber above the valve. The passage144 is in communication with the pressure'chaniber P through a port 147.The pump cylinder' 150 is provided at its inner end with a port 151adapted to be` brought opposite the ports 152 and 153 in the supply andpresily he understood Without a. detailed espia nation.` The drivingshaft operates the pumpin the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig,18), and While the piston is mov,v ing outward, the port 151 is open-edto the supply chamber S, and 4While the piston is moving inward, theport- 151 is opened to the pressure chamber l), and the liquid is forcedfrom the pump cylinder into the pressure chamber. Check valves 155 andl5@ serve the same purpose as the check valves 'shown in Figs. 23 and24C, that is, the valve 155 which opens toward the pump cylinder willalways ermit a free lovv of duid from the supply c amber to the cylinderduring the outward stroke of the piston, and the valve 156 which openstoward the pressure chamber Willalvvays permit an unre stricted flow offluid from the cylinder to the pressure chamber While the port 151 ispartially closed. To reverse the operation ci? the motor, the valve R3is moved upward so as to place the port 146 in communication with thepassage Mt through the hollonT valve. This position of the valve alsoplaces the port 1,47 in communication vvith the passage 143. The valveR3 has a valvel stem 'i60 screvvtlireaded at its upper end to receivethe liand-wheel 95. A pin 92 engages a slotin the stem i6() and preventsrotation or" the latter. Thev handewheel 95 is held against verticalmovement by 'a pin lill. engaging an annular groove 162 in the huh ofthe Wheel'. With' this construction, when the hand-Wheelis rotated inone di rection, the valve Will he moved upward, and when rotated in thereverse direction the valve will be moved downward.

from the foregoing description in conn Ation 'with the drawings it willbe seen that a simple and `highly edicient power transmission mechanismisr obtained, and that the speed and torque of the driven sha-lit may beregulated at will and Without interfering With the continued operationot' the mechanism, and also Without any steps or sudden changes in thespeed. The stroke of the pump pistons'is regulated in an in genionsmanner, and the volume of tluid delivered to the motor' therebyregulated and controlled. A high ethciency is. ohtained through the useof the. anti-friction hearings, and on accountof the use of rochingcylinders .for the pump and motor which de away with the usualvalves andalso dispense with the .cross-heads and connecting rods that arerequired when stationary cyla .indeijs are used. As the piston rods inthe cylinders are directly connected with the" shafts, a direct pullbetween the shaft and pistonis always obtained, so that the usualpacltings which are not only bothersome, but lower-the etiiciency, 'aredispensed with. its a thin oil is used for the power transmit- Lessenting medium, the parts'are kept well lubricated, and wit-lithemechanisminclosed. the

machinery is kept free from dust and 'dirt for t.he pump and motor areshown as substantiallythe same size, it will be understood that therelative size of these cylinders may be greatly varied, as for example,it' it is desired to connect the pump with a high speed prime mover,such as a. gasolene engine or electric motor, it may be desirable tomake the pump cylinders smaller in diameter and have a shorter pistonstroke. By having the motor cylinders comparatively large the speed ofthe driven mechanism will 'he correspondingly reduced as" compared Withthe speed of the driving mechanism.

l Wish not to loe limited to the particular type oct hydraulic motorherein disclosed, as itis possible to connect up different kinds ofinotorsto the pump, .such as reciprocating motors with stationarycylinders of the Well known Brotherhood type, and also many Lforms ofrotary motors might be employed.

l Wish not to be limited to the particular forms of construction hereindisclosed, as various changes in the details of construction andarrangement of parts might ohviously le made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention.

What l claim as new and desire to obtain bv Letters Patent. of theUnited States is nl. In power transmitting mechanism, the combinationwith a hollowy driving shaft, oit' an eccentric adjustably mountedthereon, a

liquid ivithin'said shaft and communicating with the eccentric, apistonv wit-hin the hollow driving shaft and operable to transmitpressure through said'liquid to the eccentric l and thereby adjust theposition of the latter on the driving shaft, means for operating saidpiston, a pump cylinder, a piston there in, and a piston rodconnectingthe piston and eccentric.

2. In power transmitting mechanism, the combination with a-holloWdriving shaft,

,of a plurality of eccentrics mounted on the driving sha-ft, liquidWithin the driving shaft and in communication with the eccentrics, apiston movable longitudinally Within incastri the shaft and operabletotran'smit pressure through said liquid tothe eccentrics and therebyadjust the latter simultaneously, means'for operating said `piston, apump comprising a pluralityof cylinders, pistons adapted to. reciprocatein the pump cylinders, and piston rods connecting the eccentrics withthe pump pistons.

3, In power transmit-.ting mechanism, the combinationwith a rotarydriving member, of a vplurality of adjustable eccentrics 'carriedthereby, oscillating pump cylinders,V `pistons in said cylinders, pistonrods connecting the pistons with the eccentrics,

saidl ports being controlled by -the oscillation of the cylinders, afluid operated motor, and means for conveying fluid between the pump andmotor.

Il. In power transmittingmechanism, the combination with a pump, of amotor adapt- 'ed to be driven by fluid pressure supplied from -the pump,said pump and motoreach comprising a plurality of'pivoted oscillatingcylinders, means to vary thel rate at which fluid is delivered to /th'emotor, and pistons adapted to reciprocate in said cylinders, a crankshaft provided with cranks at diferent angles, and piston rodsconnecting the motor pistons and said cranks.

5.111 power transmitting*mechanism the Combination with a driving memberand a driven member, of a pump cpmprising a plurality 'of 'oscillatingcylinders, driving connection between said driving member and pump, amotor comprising a plurality'of pivoted oscillating cylinders,connections between the motor and said driven member. means fortransmitting a liquid from the pump to the motor to operate the latter,and mechanismto vary4 the rate atpwhich the liquid is delivered by thepump, and thereby vary the speed and torque off-the motor. 6. Thecombination with a pump,l oi

lmeans for operating the pump, a supply chamber in communication withthe pump, a pressure. chamber to receive liquid -delivered by the pump,a motor, means for conveying liquid from the pressure chainber to themotor, means for returning the liquid from the motor to the supplychambera casing inclosing said parts, an auxiliary pump for'automatically returning into the circulating system any liquid that mayleak therefrom into said casing, and

'means t0 connect said auxiliary pump with the pressure chamber. 7. Thecombination withl a pump, .or means for vdrivingthe pump, a4 liquidcirculated by the pump, mechanism 'driven by cally returning intocirculation any liquid escaping therezlirom', and meahs for connectingthe auxiliary ump with eitherthe pressure or suction si e of theirst-nained pump.

S. The combination with a pump, of

said liquid, an auxiliary pump for automatimeans for operating thepump,a motor, a

supply chamber communicating with the pump, vmeans for transmittingfluid from the pump to the motor to operate the latter, means 'forreturning the liquid from the motorto the supply chamber therebycompletingthe circulation, an auxiliary pump' operable to automaticallyreturn to the supchamber any liquid leakingA from the circulating systemand means to connect said auxiliary pump directly with the pressuresideV of the motor.

9. The combination with a driving memi ber'and a driven member, of apump connected to the driving member, a suppl chamber communicating'.with the intake of. the pump, a pressure chamber adapted to receiveliquidunder pressure delivered by v the pump, a motor operable by liquidfrom the pressure chamber, connectionsv between the motor and drivenmember, anair chamber connected Y'with the pressure chamber, and anauxiliary pump driven by the motor and operable to pump a fluid intoeither the pressure chamber or the supply chamber. l0. The combinationwith a circulating system comprising a pump, a motor, a supply chamberand a pressure chamber, of an auxiliary pump operated by the motor, anda device operable to convey air under pressure from the auxiliary pump.to the pressure chamber and an operating liquid to the supply chamber'.y

11. The combination withV a pump and motor, of a casing comprising apressure chamber and a supply chamber, an outer casing inclosing saidparts, an auxiliary pump, and means for conveying liquid therefrom toeither the pressure or supply chamber. i

l2. The combination with a pump and a motor, of a. pressure chamber anda supply chamber, an auxiliary pump, means for conveying yfluid from theauxiliary pump to said chambers, and valve mechanism operable to motor,of a pressure chamber and a supply chamber, an' auxiliary pump, meansfor conv l veying. fluid from.` the auxiliary pump to said chambers, anda three-Way valve operihepump.-

14. :The combinationwith a drive'- shaft lable Jtoconnect either'of saidchambers with v flv'en Shaft., vof 'a pimp and@ mmm.

:van shaft rfaspectiwbgand each camp C insana for transmtng Huidb'etverv. thv

pmp and motor, and loler bearings im th@ Said shafts and cylindes..

AUGUST SUNDH.

imesss lr SHN RULE,

1 n JAMin@ u. BETHELL.

